A hilly and green agricultural landscape in the morning light.
© Lukas Kulla - Unsplash
Liptov
Case studies | Slovakia
Traditional feeding station of a goat farm in the Municipality of Arriana. In the background, the characteristic landscape of Eastern Rhodope unfolds, with its mosaic of oak forests, cultivated fields, and rugged mountain ranges (June 2025; Photo credit: Evangelos Theodosiadis).
© Evangelos Theodosiadis
Introduction
Cloudy mountains.
© Giorgos Chatzinakos
OVERVIEW
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Municipalities

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Geographical size

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Human population

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Number of livestock farmers

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Livestock farming systems

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Large carnivore species

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Wolf population

SOCIOECONOMIC CONTEXT

Two Karakachan livestock guarding dog (LGD) pups resting outside a traditional farm. When properly trained and in good health, LGDs are essential for preventing depredation by wolves and bears, especially during open grazing (June 2025; Photo credit: Evangelos Theodosiadis).
© Evangelos Theodosiadis
Two Karakachan livestock guarding dog (LGD) pups resting outside a traditional farm. When properly trained and in good health, LGDs are essential for preventing depredation by wolves and bears, especially during open grazing (June 2025; Photo credit: Evangelos Theodosiadis).
© Evangelos Theodosiadis

FARMING CONTEXT

LOCAL CONFLICT ASSOCIATED WITH LARGE CARNIVORES

Number of attacks: 

Two Karakachan livestock guarding dog (LGD) pups resting outside a traditional farm. When properly trained and in good health, LGDs are essential for preventing depredation by wolves and bears, especially during open grazing (June 2025; Photo credit: Evangelos Theodosiadis).
© Evangelos Theodosiadis
Two Karakachan livestock guarding dog (LGD) pups resting outside a traditional farm. When properly trained and in good health, LGDs are essential for preventing depredation by wolves and bears, especially during open grazing (June 2025; Photo credit: Evangelos Theodosiadis).
© Evangelos Theodosiadis

Social conflict: 

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